Within the next few years, human resource management practiced in public companies will undergo some major changes. In this context we will address the following question: What are the human resource management practices in the bureaucratic-type public company in the years 2000 on the verge of opening national market to competition? The results, obtained thanks to the Alceste software, through semi directive interviews with SNCB representatives, have shown the originality and the complexity of the type of management applied in this structure.